Browsing by Author "NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)"
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Item ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PHOSPHATE MINING ON THE EXAMPLE OF DJEBEL ONK DEPOSIT (TEBESSA), ALGERIA(TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES, 2024-01) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The object of the study is natural phosphates, which play a major role in various industrial sectors, ranging from agriculture to pharmaceuticals, via the metallurgy and chemistry. In Algeria, their importance in the international market is significant, thanks to the deposits of Djebel Onk, located in the south-eastern part of the region of Tebessa. However, the mining and processing of these phosphates lead to waste significant, both in liquid form than in solid, raising significant environmental concerns. In this perspective, a thorough analysis is necessary for a rational and ard reliable, ensuring the preservation of the environment. This research was undertaken to quantify and analyze the distribution of various heavy metals in the phosphate waste generated by ebel Onk plant (Kef Essennoun deposit). These wastes are crucial to achieve the objectives of sustainable development in relation to public health and the environment. The work focuses on the study of samples of the different releases of the treatment processes. These latter were subjected to a characterization of different analysis techniques, qualitative and quantitative, namely: XRD, IR, XRF, SEM and AAS. The results obtained distinguish differences are notable between the levels recorded by the raw phosphate and those samples wastes of treatment processes. Thus, the waste produced consists of 59.2 % dolomite, 20.5 % calcite, and 19.8 % fluorapatite. The presence of kaolinite was also noted in these residues, though in a small proportion (0.5 %). It has also been noted that these concentration of the elements in trace metal increases relatively with the decrease of the diameter of the grain size, in particular in the mud. This shows that the efficiency of the modes of treatment will allow for some cases, reduce the concentration of elements in the phosphate studied. This opens up promising research opportunities for scientists and engineers to develop more efficient and advanced treatment methods.Item CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHATE WASTES OF DJEBEL ONK MINING COMPLEX FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT(TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES, 2023) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The objects of the research are phosphate ore rejections – industrial waste resulting from the treatment of phosphate ore by different processes (particle size separation, calcination, physicochemical process, electrostatically process, etc.). These discharges are generally stored in specially constructed sedimentation ponds. However, its storage for a long period leads to serious environmental problems because they contain heavy and radioactive metals that affect nearby communities. They contaminate groundwater and surface water through the infiltration of caustic solution laden with rare metals. To remedy these environmental disasters and manage these concerns, it is necessary to upgrade the discharges from the Djebel Onk complex and give an added value to the national economy. The start-up of the Djebel El Onk phosphate complex, in the province of Tebessa was in 1965, since that date, all the waste resulting from the beneficiation process has been dumped in the valley adjacent to the complex without any treatment or recycling, it should be noted that the Djebel Onk phosphate complex generates huge quantities of phosphate sludge (more than 4000 tons per day). This waste is relatively rich in useful substance. The results of chemical analyzes reveal that these sludge’s contain around 20.2 % of phosphate (P2O5) with the presence of different heavy metals such as Uranium, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, and Arsenic ect. Those metals threaten life of local residents and affects vegetation, livestock in nearby populated areas. However, this work systematically reviews the mineralogical and chemical characterization of the phosphate sludge rejected by the Djebel Onk treatment complex to develop a suitable method for their revaluation. In our work, in this viable environmental perspective, we try to highlight the use of wastes as an alternative raw material in building materials. The impact of heavy metals on the environment and health is determined by the chemical species, concentration, bioavailability and transport through food chains, unless they are released into nature due to the consequences harm they create. Certain elements, such as mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, etc., have no function in maintaining body balance and are immediately dangerous.Item Contribution to the Assessment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Algeria: Case Study(Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2023-04-03) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)Despite the implementation of a national action plan and a deployed monitoring of intoxications, Algeria deplores each year more than 2000 victims, who require immediate medical care, and a hundred deaths. For this reason, the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning is not negligible in confined spaces. The gases used or generated by certain work processes or household appliances can impoverish the air. When the oxygen content in the air, is usually 21%, it decreases to less than 15%, which creates a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Under-oxygenation leads to the physical and mental capacities’ reduction, with the victim’s unawareness of it. At 10% of oxygen in the air, the victim faints. Below 10% the victim dies within minutes, unless immediately rescued. Through this research, we are trying to highlight the dangers associated with faulty domestic appliances (heating, water heaters, barbecues, etc.), mainly affecting low class population. This poisoning, preventable and treatable, is a public health issue, which must be treated urgently, mainly during the winter period.Item Contribution to the Assessment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Algeria: Case Study(Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2023-04-03) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur); BENSEHAMDI Salim (Co-Auteur)Despite the implementation of a national action plan and a deployed monitoring of intoxications, Algeria deplores each year more than 2000 victims, who require immediate medical care, and a hundred deaths. For this reason, the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning is not negligible in confined spaces. The gases used or generated by certain work processes or household appliances can impoverish the air. When the oxygen content in the air, is usually 21%, it decreases to less than 15%, which creates a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Under-oxygenation leads to the physical and mental capacities’ reduction, with the victim’s unawareness of it. At 10% of oxygen in the air, the victim faints. Below 10% the victim dies within minutes, unless immediately rescued. Through this research, we are trying to highlight the dangers associated with faulty domestic appliances (heating, water heaters, barbecues, etc.), mainly affecting low class population. This poisoning, preventable and treatable, is a public health issue, which must be treated urgently, mainly during the winter period.Item CONTRIBUTION TO THE ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT DISTANCES OF ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION: CASE STUDY(ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, 2024) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)Storage tanks are vital to the oil industry, functioning as essential components in the operation of oil fields. However, their strategic importance is accompanied by significant environmental risks, particularly due to atmospheric dispersion events. These events, characterized by the release and spread of pollutants such as aerosols, gases, and dust into the atmosphere, can stem from both human activities and accidental releases. The consequences are often severe, leading to considerable human, material, and ecological damage. Atmospheric dispersion of pollutants has emerged as a major environmental concern, especially within industries where storage tanks are integral to operations. This concern is magnified by increasingly stringent regulatory frameworks. Industries, particularly those operating within classified facilities subject to environmental protection laws, are now mandated to thoroughly identify, analyze, and assess potential accidental risks associated with their operations. These regulations are designed to mitigate the adverse impacts of such incidents, and this forms the object of this study. In this study, we concentrated on the T-403A/B/C storage spheres at the ALRAR gas complex. Utilizing dynamic consequence modelling with ALOHA software, it was possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of potential pollutant releases in the processing area. This approach allowed to meticulously map out the hazardous phenomena linked to these scenarios and to develop targeted preventive and protective measures. The findings from this study highlight the critical need for rigorous risk assessments and the implementation of proactive safety strategies. By doing so, the environmental and operational risks associated with storage tanks in the oil industry can be significantly reduced. This research underscores the imperative of integrating advanced modelling techniques and stringent safety protocols to safeguard both the environment and industry operations.Item Contribution to the Evaluation of the Life Quality at Work in the University Establishment: Study of the Sciences Techniques Faculty, Constantine1 University, Algeria(Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2023-07-12) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)Currently, work efficiency becomes the most important concept in the work environment. Nevertheless, without exception, every company faces risks that could threat its success and sustainability in the absence of effective management of its activities and work processes, working conditions, relational and organizational factors: all the companies are badly managed, ‘’the health of the company is the health of the company’’. This research focused on the evaluation of the life quality at work, new philosophy of life adopted by the company to improve the working conditions, relational and organizational factors, the staff in the university environment, as perceived by the employees of science faculty and technology. A survey was conducted among 178 employees. The results show that the majority of employees were dissatisfied with the general situation. These results are of great importance for improving the quality of life and working conditions in the university. Using those results decisionmakers can identify the main problems; develop strategies to address and improve the quality of working at university and to engage in a process of continuous improvement, while attaching a great importance to priority actions to improve the life quality at work. The survey results are very important.Item DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOITATION PARAMETERS OF THE BLED EL HADBA PHOSPHATE DEPOSIT, ALGERIA(CHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, 2024) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The beneficiation of mineral resources not only bolsters a country’s economy but also improves quality of life and fosters sustainable growth. The development of the phosphate mine in the Bled El Hadba region represents a pivotal move to meet increasing demand. This study aims to develop a comprehensive 3D geographic model of the deposit, estimate its phosphate reserves, and assess the parameters and characteristics for effective exploitation. Utilizing the block model method in Surpac 6.6.2, a detailed analysis is achieved that supports informed decision-making for sustainable resource management. This approach underscores the importance of technological innovation in the strategic planning and efficient utilization of mineral resources. The results revealed total reserves of 425,304,000 m3, equivalent to 893,138,400 tons, with an average grade of 21.65 %. The stripping ratio was determined to be 3.3:1. These findings provide valuable insights into the deposit’s potential and the optimal depth range for extracting the highest concentration of P2O5. For detailed extraction planning and estimating P2O5 concentration over five-year periods from 2023 to 2066, with an average annual phosphate ore production of 20.7 million tons, Minesched software was utilized. This comprehensive approach ensures efficient resource management and maximizes the economic return from the deposit. These findings have profound implications for enhancing both the efficiency and sustainability of Algeria’s mining industry. By securing a consistent supply of phosphate products, particularly for agriculture, this research addresses the rising demand for phosphates. Additionally, the data can inform strategic planning, enabling optimized resource extraction and reduced environmental impact. This contributes not only to the immediate needs of the industry but also to the long-term economic and ecological sustainability of the region. Ultimately, the study supports sustainable development by balancing industrial growth with environmental stewardship, ensuring that future generations can continue to benefit from these vital resources.Item For a Sustainable Management of Potential Impacts of Global Change on Coastal Aquifers: Case Study of Coastal Aquifers in Annaba City, Algeria(Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2024-07-13) AICHOURI Imen; NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The Annaba region, situated in the northeastern part of Algeria, harbors significant groundwater resources vital for supplying water to the population, agriculture, and industry. However, increasing pressures from heavy water depletion are raising serious concerns. Continuous exploitation of the aquifer has led to deteriorating water quality and adverse effects on its hydrodynamic equilibrium, resulting in saline intrusions that threaten aquifer utilization and wetland functionality. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of marine intrusion to characterize saline pollution, identifying the key factors and solutions for seawater contamination of aquifers. Projections for 2035, assuming current climatic conditions and exploitation practices, indicate that without intervention, the negative impacts on groundwater and ecosystems could become catastrophic. The saline intrusion is expected to advance inland by 200 to 300 m on the eastern edge, 500 m in the center of the plain, and up to 1500 m further west. Numerical simulation models, considering environmental heterogeneity, have proven highly effective for understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of aquifers. These models also highlight the vulnerability of coastal aquifers to seawater inflows and significant chloride concentration fluxes. To address the urgent problem of increasing water scarcity in Algeria’s coastal plains, several recommendations have been proposed.Item IMPROVEMENT OF ENTERPRISE RISK VISUALIZATION: RISK MAPPING(TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES, 2023) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The object of the study is the risks that disrupt the accomplishment of any enterprise’s missions. Therefore, mastering these risks is a significant asset for organizations and the overall health of the enterprise. Thus, working comprehensively on organizational risk prevention enables the enterprise to formulate a strategy aimed at guarding against all risk factors. Simultaneously, it identifies areas where more targeted actions need to be undertaken, potentially leading to positive changes within the company. To achieve this and allow for a robust and reliable assessment for better governance of harmful elements in the enterprise, we have used the risk mapping method. It is a data visualization tool aimed at highlighting vulnerabilities in various processes and activities that an organization faces, even allowing for informed decisions to prevent and cope with risks. Risk mapping is defined as the approach of identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and managing risks inherent in an enterprise’s activities. It even delves into a thorough investigation of all managerial, operational, and support processes that activities require implementing. This mapping technique is based on an objective, structured, and documented description of existing risks. The assessment allows for a more detailed analysis of initial and residual risks at all levels of the enterprise, thereby facilitating the development of a prioritized action plan accompanied by an analysis of its funding. This obligation is part of a continuous improvement approach to the quality of life and working conditions, even engaging in a sustainable management process. As a case study, we have chosen to focus on the SAIDAL Group of Constantine. Through this case study, we aim to illustrate the practical implications and benefits of using risk mapping as a strategic tool for risk management in a complex organizational context. Now, having a risk map not only promotes a proactive approach to risk mitigation but also contributes to broader goals of continuous improvement and sustainable risk management practices: a necessity for any enterprise.Item OPTIMIZATION OF MERCHANDISE DELIVERY LOGISTICS: CASE STUDIES AT BEJAIA PORT(TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES, 2024) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The object of the study is the logistics of goods delivery by ports. This study presents a methodology designed to improve the efficiency of goods delivery logistics at the Bejaia port (Algeria). It prioritizes the optimization of empty container allocation to the ZEP zone, taking into account the geographical accessibility of the Tixter area, aiming to reduce the high costs linked with goods transportation. At the core of this strategy lies the use of simulation techniques to optimize truck fleets, ensuring maximum utilization rates and effective management of delivery operations by the Bejaia Mediterranean Terminal (BMT) for its clients. Addressing this challenge, the study offers an exhaustive analysis, integrating truck assignment models and accessibility assessments of logistic zones. The results highlight the paramount significance of optimal resource allocation and synchronized client coordination for achieving streamlined goods delivery. It becomes apparent that employing these methodologies can yield substantial productivity improvements, emphasizing their pivotal role in strengthening the port’s logistical infrastructure. Via rigorous analysis and insights derived from data, this study elucidates avenues towards achieving operational excellence within the logistical infrastructure of the port. By harnessing innovative strategies to confront persistent challenges, such as optimizing truck fleets and strategically allocating resources, the research anticipates a profound transformation in the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of goods delivery operations. Ultimately, the integration of these methodologies holds the potential to propel the port of Bejaia towards enduring success and a competitive edge in the ever-evolving landscape of global trade. Through extensive efforts, this strategy can be extended to other national and international ports operating under similar conditions, as it provides valuable information and methodologies to optimize logistics and transportation operations.Item Qualitative Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Industrial Effluents: Case of Study(Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2024-07-01) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)In Algeria, there are multiple deficiencies in environmental protection. Today, in the context of the constant evolution of healthcare systems and the growing importance given to environmental preservation, the management of pharmaceutical effluents has become one of the major challenges for the pharmaceutical industry. However, often the interests of companies, especially private ones, do not align with environmental priorities, despite the existence of a range of procedures and legislative mechanisms. This can lead to the creation of safe and sustainable action plans to prevent, reduce, and/or eliminate pollution, harmful effects, and nuisances. Unfortunately, this regulation is widely underestimated and neglected in their actual daily practices and actions. Furthermore, awareness and preventive information on environmental concerns are very limited; regulatory mechanisms are fragmented; safety culture and environmental education are disparate, and monitoring and tracking means are limited. The objective of this work is to assess the environmental impact of the activities of an Algerian pharmaceutical industry in order to reflect on environmental concerns and open national discussions on the harmful effects produced by various companies and the strict application of current regulations. This assessment is based on the evaluation of the value of physico-chemical analysis of sewage discharges from a pharmaceutical industry during manufacturing, research and development processes, as well as waste disposal. The analysis results indicate that the physico-chemical properties of the discharged sewage were within the limits allowed by standards regarding heavy metals. However, the analyses of DOB5 , DCO, and the concentration of suspended solids (SS), oils and fats significantly exceed the standardized values. This study aims to raise awareness among stakeholders to implement procedures and legislative measures, potentially leading to the development of safe and sustainable action plans, or even fostering a culture of continuous improvement and lasting prevention.Item STUDY OF ROAD ACCIDENTS BY ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF DRIVING PARAMETERS ON STOPPING DISTANCE USING THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHOD AND DRIVING SIMULATOR: ALGERIAN CITIES CASE(2023-12) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)This paper aims to investigate the key factors contributing to road accidents and their interplay. A significant proportion of road accidents can be attributed to non-compliance with speed regulations, in conjunction with vehicle braking components (such as grip, road conditions, ..), as well as weather conditions. We conducted a speed measurement campaign on peri-urban roads in multiple Algerian cities to examine driving behavior and adherence to speed limits. To comprehensively understand the impact of speed, anti-lock systems, weather conditions, grip, and their interactions on a vehicle's braking distance, we employed an experimental design methodology. This approach was complemented with driving simulator tests. We expanded the experimental design to cover a range of speed variations, from 70 to 130 km/h, enabling us to explore the influence of various driving parameters on braking distance. Through statistical analysis of influence coefficients from 16 driving simulator tests, we established a model that represents the relationship between "objective functions" and "influence factors." This mathematical model was validated using simulator results. Our study revealed that braking distance is primarily affected by speed and weather conditions. Notably, the analysis ofItem STUDY OF THE FEASIBILITY OF VALORIZING PHOSPHATE ORE BY ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION(TECHNOLOGY AUDIT AND PRODUCTION RESERVES, 2024) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)The object of this research is the phosphate serves, as a fundamental and crucial raw material with diverse applications, primarily utilized in producing phosphoric acid and fertilizers. However, dolomitic impurities within the ore can greatly impede its effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to minimize these impurities to the lowest feasible levels to mitigate their adverse effects. This ensures optimal performance and quality in various industries reliant on phosphate, promoting efficiency and sustainability in the production process. Through a comprehensive assessment, it becomes feasible to gauge the enrichment potential and propose viable methods to realize it. Among these methods, flotation stands out as one of the most effective for enhancing phosphate ore, despite its inherent drawbacks of costliness and environmental impact stemming from chemical reagents. This study endeavors to investigate the feasibility of employing electrostatic separation as an alternative method for enriching phosphate ore sourced from the Tebessa region in Algeria. Such exploration aims to offer insights into potentially more sustainable and economically viable approaches to ore enrichment in the region of Bir Elater Wilaya of Tebessa. Tests were carried out using different types of electrostatic separators at the Angouleme site of the PPRIME Institute: a multifunctional metal-belt-type separator, a free-fall plate-electrodes-type separator and an electrostatic separator with coaxial wire – cylinder electrode system. The experimental findings demonstrate significant promise, indicating that electrostatic separation enhanced the P2O5 content from 25 % to 29 % in an untreated phosphate ore sample. Simultaneously, it efficiently eliminated 82.80 % of MgO, achieving a P2O5 recovery rate more than 80 % and a yield of 70 %. Consequently, employing this method proves effective in reducing the MgO content of the ore to below than 1 %, aligning with industrial standards for commercial phosphate products. This underscores the viability of electrostatic separation as a viable and efficient technique in phosphate ore processing, offering substantial improvements in both quality and yieldItem Studying on mineralogical and petrological characteristics of Gara Djebilet oolitic iron ore, Tindouf (Algeria)(Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 2023) NETTOUR Djamel (Co-Auteur)Demand for iron ore worldwide has been steadily increasing which leads to the extraction of iron ore deposits with more complex mineralogies and higher levels of silicon and phosphorus impurities. This is the case in Algeria with the iron ore deposit of Gara Djebilet, Tindouf; where it has recently been exploited to ensure the sufficiency of iron ore required to produce iron and steel products. This deposit has remained unexploited for several decades due to inadequate knowledge of its mineralogy, treatment, and economic assessments. This study aims to find out the microstructure, chemical composition, and mineralogical distribution of valuable minerals and impurities, to understand the efficient processing methods for this specific iron ore. The characterization of representative ironstone samples taken from the studied area was carried out using optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), petrographic microscope, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results of the mineralogical analyses confirmed that it is an oolitic fine-grained ore consisting of gangue minerals principally composed of quartz, apatite, and iron-rich concentric cored structures. Chemical analyses of the ore indicated that it contains 56.58 wt% Fe with 7.98 wt% SiO2, 7.09 wt% Al2O3, and minor amounts of P2O5, CaO, MgO, and TiO2 compounds. The phosphorus associated was present in both ooids and groundmass, indicating that the ore has a complex texture with very rich and diverse mineralogy. For that, two conceptual scenarios were potentially proposed for processing the studied iron ore, while further detailed automated mineralogical information was required to make sure about the processing units from a practical perspective.